Highly-sensitive SERS detection of tetracycline: Sub-enhancement brought by light scattering of nano-diamond

Antibiotic residues in wastewater cause a serious threat to aquatic environment and human safety. Therefore, the development of robust strategies for detecting antibiotic becomes critical. In this work, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate, consisting gold nanoparticles/nano diamond/carbon nitride (Au/ND/C3N4) hybrid, which features enhanced light utilization self-cleaning properties, is developed sensitive sensing tetracycline. The fabricated Au/ND/C3N4 substrate effectively captures target molecules enhances activity, owing abundant functional groups effect ND. Moreover, heterostructure formed by Au NPs, ND C3N4 endows SERS with superior capability, enabling its reusability. exhibits high sensitivity (10-14 M), desirable reproducibility (RSD = 13.29 %, n 238) favourable stability (84.8 % initial intensity after 30 days) crystal violet probe. Also, no significant loss or catalytic activity observed during cyclic detection. Likewise, detection tetracycline at nanomolar level achieved good recyclability. This work proposes distinctive strategy enhancing represents potential candidate highly wastewater.